Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Roel H Bosma
Wageningen University and Research Centre, Netherlands
Keynote: Sustainable management of shrimp culture in the mangrove landscape
Time : 11:00
Biography:
Roel H Bosma obtained his MSc at Wageningen University and worked for close to 20 years in farming systems research in West Africa. In 2007 he defended his\\\\r\\\\nPhD based on fieldwork in Vietnam. Since 2004, he leads international collaborative research projects and supervises MSc and PhD from Wageningen University. The projects focus on SE Asia and sustainable aquaculture is management. Notwithstanding his focus on research for development, he has published more than 30 papers in reputed double refereed journals and over 20 in simple refereed journals and as book chapters or conference papers.
Abstract:
The expansion of shrimp aquaculture went often at the expense of mangrove forest. Following declines in productivity as a result of deteriorating quality of bottom and water and subsequent outbreaks of shrimp diseases, farmers either reverted to very extensive or to more intensive production systems. Some countries successfully controlled mangrove clearance after 1990 along the coastline but in example Indonesia the ponds extended up to the shores. In the process Philippine’s farmers developed the green-water system (GWS) which reduces disease impact and improves shrimp growth. After massive mangrove clearance trade-offs on fisheries and coastal protection became apparent. According to recent studies the Total Economic Value of intact mangrove is higher than the profits earned from intensive shrimp culture. Other studies show that mangrove’s nursery function can be well maintained, if the remaining areas of mangrove are well connected to the aquatic ecosystem and not fragmented. However, expanding the ponds up to the shores demonstrates to be detrimental for land accretion while sea level rises and land subsides due to example fresh water extraction. In many cases, the benefits of extensive systems are too small to repair dikes and pond infrastructures after abrasion. Through a modelling approach we demonstrate that the total benefits for society of a sound mix of aquaculture and mangrove are higher than from either full intact mangrove or a completely transformed landscape. Mixed mangrove shrimp systems can contribute to the societal
Keynote Forum
Osman Samsun
Sinop University, Turkey
Keynote: Sustainable fisheries of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Black sea, Turkey
Time : 11:40
Biography:
Osman Samsun is Professor and also acting Head of Fishing Gear Technology Division of Sinop university. He has supervised and coordinated 9 master and 4 doctorate degrees as an academic consultant in the field of Main Technology of Catching at the Faculty of Sinop Sea Products. Currently he is supervising 1 master and 1 doctorate degrees at the university
Abstract:
The Black Sea fish have been shared by Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia, Ukraine, Russia Federation and Turkey. Anchovy is the most major capture fish species in the Black Sea and the most amounts was caught annually by Turkey and Georgia. About 250-300000 tons anchovy was caught annually in Turkish fishermen using purse-seine and mid-water trawl. The anchovy shoals were found to have migrated to the Georgian coasts thus preventing the Turkish anchovy fishing in recent years. Because of this, most of the Turkish fish meal and fish oil factories which use pelagic fish especially anchovy as a raw material relocated to Georgia. In the Turkish Seas, fishing regulation is based on the minimum mesh and fish size, closed season and area, species under full conservation, completely banned fishing methods and fishing gears, gear restriction for identified species and gear or fishing method restrictions and some restrictions concerning pollutants. There are some anchovy fishing regulations such as time (16:00 PM-06:00 AM), length (9 cm TL is size of sexual maturity length), depth (24 m), gear types and nets. But in Georgia legal catch length is applied as 7 cm TL. Furthermore, in recent years there have been changes in breeding, feeding and wintering areas of the anchovy. International agreements for anchovy fisheries should be built to sustainable management plans such as joint protection measures and control system. In this study, a total of 1833 European anchovy caught by purse seine were sampled during the 2014 and 2015 fishing season in the Black Sea coast of Turkey. The total length ranged between 6.0 and 14.0 cm (mean 11.03±0.025 cm). The length-weight relationships were estimated as W=0.0108TL2.7534 (r2=0.9134, n=1833, sdlogTL=0.0464, sdlogW=0.1338, P<0.001). The slope of the length-weight relationship regression lines (Pauly’s t test=12.434) were significantly different from the isometric growth curve slope (b=3). These results showed that anchovy have negative allometric growth characteristics. Monthly length frequency distribution showed that the amount of the anchovy under the size at sexual maturity and legal size (9 cm) was found as 5.07% indicating groups of small individuals were caught minor level anchovy fisheries in the study areas. However, a stock assessment and management of this species in the Black Sea is urgently needed. To protect anchovy stock and to build sustainable anchovy fisheries in the Black Sea, some management measures such as total allowable catch and landing quotas, exclusive regional fishing permits or closed area, partner minimum fish size (example 9 cm total length) should be applied as soon as possible by six countries bordering the Black Sea.