3^rd International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries September 29-30 2016 London, United Kingdom

Ruxandra Malina Petrescu-Mag is Assistant Prof., PhD and senior researcher at Babes-Bolyai University, Romania and PhD supervisor at University of Liège (Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux), Belgium. She is specialist in environmental law and policies, author and coauthor of more that 8 books, 40 scientific articles and coordinator or member in over 10 research projects. Dacinia Crina Petrescu is Associate Prof., PhD at Babes-Bolyai University, Romania; her fields of expertise include: consumer behavior, negotiations, and sustainable development; she is author/ coauthor of more than 70 publications (books, articles, reviews).

The present paper takes under analysis water problems and related opportunities, revolving around two central issues: water scarcity, where the wastewater is seen as a part of the solution through its transformation into new water, clean and usable, and water contamination, where wastewater treatment becomes a business opportunity. Scientific evidence on the perceptions of water scarcity and wastewater treatment as business opportunities is based on a non-probabilistic survey. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of 150 subjects (54% - industrial activity, 20% - domestic, 13% - tourist activity and 13% - other activities) from North-Western Romania. The need for wastewater treatment was investigated considering its threefold dimension: economic (need for water as a resource, costs reduction), ecological (environment protection), and social (human health protection and provision of clean water). The most important purchasing criteria of a wastewater treatment micro-station declared by the subjects were: the capacity to clean the waters of all the polluting compounds, to comply with the legal standards, the system life span and the suitability of the micro-station to the amount of received wastewater. Based on statistical data, several eco-challenges and their potential implications for environmental governance, business in particular, have been identified.

Gabriel S. A. Moreira is a graduatein Biological Sciences from the Centro Universitário de Ensino Octavio Bastos, Brazil by arrangements in 2008 and a BA Degree in 2009. In 2013 completed the Master USP in the campus of Animal Science and Food Engineering program at Animal Science, Brazil. Currently he is a PhD student at the same universty where he is developing the study on the expression of genes in Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum, and its hybrid immunized with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Has experience in parasitology, molecular biology and immunology

Evaluation of immunogical genes at gill of Ictalurus punctatus immunized with live theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Katrin Kaldre is a PhD student in the Estonian University of Life Sciences

There are about 20 crayfish farms in Estonia which produce and sell noble crayfish for restocking to natural waterbodies and/or for human consumption. So far, the origin of captive stocks and their genetic and morphological characteristics have not been studied and likewise, there is lack of information about genetic diversity and population structure in a wild. There is a risk that current broodstock management practices in these farms may be lead to increased inbreeding and loss of variation. The aim of this study was to get an overview of genetic diversity, population genetic structure and morphological characteristics of captive stocks and wild populations of the noble crayfish in Estonia. A total of 1923 individuals from six crayfish farms and 38 natural lakes and rivers in Estonia were analyzed using 19 polymorphic tetranucleotide repeat microsatellite markers. For comparison, two populations from Czech Republic were included. The results showed that Estonian noble crayfish populations were on an average less variable than the Czech populations and formed two clear genetic clusters according to their geographic origin (Island of Saaremaa and mainland Estonia). The captive stocks were genetically similar to the wild populations of the same region and displayed no significant loss of genetic variability. However, two captive stocks possessed increased levels of inbreeding. The morphological characteristics (9 traits) were measured in 199 females and 398 males from two crayfish farms and from 12 wild populations. Again, the crayfish from Island of Saaremaa and mainland Estonia displayed significant differences of their morphological traits

Birol Baki completed his doctoral studies at the Ondokuzmay is University Institute of Science and Technology in 2006. He started working in Sinop University Faculty of Faculty of Fisheries Department of Aquaculture in 2009. He has a total of 23 publications on the subject of his studies, 11 in international journals and 12 in national journals. He currently continues his studies on feeding, fish hatchery yield, sea cage aquaculture.

In this study, the effects of using Laurenciaobtusa(Hudson) as natural carotenoid in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feed on the growth, feed conversion, and biochemical, skin and muscle pigmentation in rainbow trout.Rainbow trout with the average weight of 248.93±6.08 g were stocked in 3 groups and 3 repetitions.Red marine algae, Laurenciaobtusaspecies used in the feed as the natural carotenoid raw material was collected manually at Sinop (The Black Sea-Turkey).Three different diets (K, L1, L2) were prepared for the 6-week study and the feed contained 48.62-49.06% crude protein and 16.10-17.07% crude fat. Biochemical analyses and color measurements (L*, a* and b*)were performed in fish samples.The highest weight gain, specific growth rate, FCR and condition factor values were determined in the control group (p<0.05). As a result of biochemical analyses, it was detected that dry matter value in the control group was higher (p<0.05) whereas the differences in protein, fat and ash values were not significant (p>0.05).It was also determined that L* (lightness) value decreased in the skin in L2 group (p<0.05) whereas it decreased in the muscle in all groups. The differences between in redness indicator a* values between the groups were not significant (p>0.05). The highest yellow a* value was detected in L2 group. The yellowness indicator b* values decreased in the skin in all groups whereas increased in the muscles (p<0.05).

Hee Sung Kim is in PhD course in Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea. His major is aquafeeds nutrition and engineering

The optimum lipid requirement in the microdiet for larval rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) was determined.The newly-hatched larvae started to be fed on rotifers at 1 day and ended at 6 day, and Artemia at 6 day and ended at 10 day until the start of the microdiet feeding experiments at 10 day post hatching (DPH). Rotifers and Artemia nauplii were enriched with Selco presso (INVE) before supply.Four thousand five hundred 9 day DPH larvae were distributed into 15 indoor 70 L square plastic tanks (300 larvae per tank) for the feeding trial. Two sized microdiets (0.31-0.48, and 0.48-0.63 micrometer in diameter) were supplied as fish grew: at 10 and 27 DPH for the former, and 24 and 29 day DPH for the latter. Fish meal, soluble fish protein concentrate, krill meal and wheat gluten are the protein sources in the experimental diets. Alpha-starch and dextrin, and fish oil were used as carbohydrate and lipid sources, respectively in the experimental diets. Five differentlevels of crude lipid diets ranging from 11 to 23% with 3% increment at the expense of dextrin at a constant crude protein level (52.4%) were prepared in triplicate. The experimental diets were manufactured by Daehan Feed (Incheon, Korea). Survival of larval rockfish ranging from 53.7 to 56.6% was not significantly different between the granulated microdiets containing different levels of crude lipid. Weight gain of larval rockfish fed the 20% lipid diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the all other diets, followed by the 23, 17, 14 and 11% crude lipid diets. The optimum lipid requirement in thegranulated microdiet was estimated to be 17.3% based on the broken-line analysis of weight gain of larval rockfish.

Laila El Arraj has completed herMaster degree at the age of 22 years from Hassan II University of Casablanca, Faculty of Science Ain Chock. She is now preparing her PhD about mesozooplankton’s vertical diversity and distribution in relation to upwelling activityon the Atlantic Moroccan coast. She has published 3 papers in reputed journals and has attended to 7 international congresses. She has been also organization member of many congresses at Hassan II University.

In order to evaluate mesozooplankton’s distribution and diversity within the south Atlantic Moroccan coast, two surveys were carried out between Cape Blanc (21°N) and Cape Boujdor(26°N)during two seasons (autumn 2011 and summer 2012) hydrologicaly different. Referring to densities distribution and structural indexes measured of the population, a clear difference between the south part of Dakhla region(24°N)and noth is noticed. The south part remains the richest and more diversified. The cluster analysis has confirmed the same results. Actually, this area is extremely rich in both phytoplankton (primary production) and zooplankton (secondary production).The group of copepods is clearly dominant in all stations sampled during both seasons (more than 90%) followed by Cladocerans and Chaetognathes. During fall copepods composition is dominated by the species Onceavenusta (44%), Clausocalanusarcuicornus (18%) while in summer Acartiaclausi (18%) and Clausocalanusarcuicornus(15%) are dominant.

Romanus Keke is currently working as Proffesor in Imo State University, Nigeria

An experiment was carried out at Urban Farms and Fisheries Nigeria Ltd, Owerri Imo State Nigeria between February and June 2014 to induce Brood stock of Heterobranchus longifilis (mean wt 1.3kg) in concrete tanks (1.0 x 2.0 x1.5 m) in dimension using a synthetic hormone (Ovaprim) and Pituitary extract from Heterobranchus longifilis . Brood stock males were selected as Pituitary donors and their weights matched with those of Females to be injected at 1ml/kg body weight. Ovaprim was injected at 0.5ml/kg body weight of Female Fish. A latency period of 12hours was allowed after injection of the Brood stock Females before stripping the eggs and incubation at 23oc. While incubating the eggs, samples were drawn and the rate of fertilization was determined. Hatching occurred within 33 hours and hatchability rate (%) was determined by counting the active hatchings. The result showed that Ovaprim injected Brood stock eggs Fertilized up to 80% while the Pituitary from the Heterobranchus longifilis had low Fertilization and hatching success 20%. Ovaprim is imported and costly, so more effort is required to enhance the procedures for homoplastic hypophysation.

Fawzia Salah Ali is currently working as Principal Investigator in Genetics and genetic engineering lab., Aquaculture division, National Institute of Oceanography (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt

The lack of high quality Nile tilapia, Oreochromisniloticus fry has been found to be a major constraint to fish farms in Egypt, especially at the beginning of the rearing season, which starts in March. Fry, often variable in quality, is being produced and delivered through a range of locally developed hatchery systems. The poor genetic status of farmed Egyptian tilapia stocks was largely due to poor broodstock management and inadequate seed supply, resulting in inbreeding and deteriorating growth performance for tilapia strain. Nowadays, genetic research and the application of breeding programs have been responsible for increased production efficiency and improved productivity in Fish farming. Therefore, the genetic improvement of Nile tilapia strains and life-cycle manipulations to prevent early maturation and low growth rates would be appropriated. Genetic improvement in tilapia has been achieved through the exploitation of qualitative variances (e.g., selective breeding, hybridization and crossbreeding and genetic manipulation (e.g., sex control chromosome manipulation and transgenesis). The present project design to address five immediate objectives: (i) to develop improved breeds of Nile tilapia; (ii) to build the capacity of national institutions in aquaculture genetics research; (iii) to disseminate GIFT; (iv) to carry out genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental evaluation of GIFT; and (v) to facilitate the development of national tilapia breeding programs. These immediate objectives were framed in the context of long-term strengthening of national research capacity for continued genetic improvement of tilapia, and for implementing national fish breeding programs, and to promote environment-friendly fish farming